Introduction to properties of life and cells leading to genetic and biological diversity. Survey of biological diversity emphasizing variation leading to natural selection; introduction to ecological concepts within an evolutionary framework; a survey of ecosystems and global climate change. Development of scientific skills will be emphasized. Designed for science majors. Lecture three hours; laboratory three hours; activity two hours; fee course.

Note: Field trips may be required.

Introduction to molecular and cellular biology and genetics. Topics include biomolecules, cell structure and function, cellular energetics, molecular flow of information, cell division, and genetic inheritance. Development of scientific skills and a scientific mindset will be emphasized throughout the course, particularly in lab exercises and activities. Designed for science majors. Lecture three hours; laboratory three hours; activity two hours.

Prerequisite: BIO 1, CHEM 1A.

Introduction to major concepts of biology, including properties of living things, cells and their molecular constituents, the unity and diversity of organisms, genetics, ecology, evolution, and the scientific methods of investigation employed by biologists. Satisfies requirements in biology for students planning to obtain the Multiple Subject Teaching Credential. Lecture three hours; laboratory three hours. Fee course.

Designed for non-majors, this course is an introduction to the biological science behind important issues that face us today, such as those surrounding evolution, endangered species, conservation of ecosystems, and the behavior of organisms. By gaining an understanding of the scientific approach and the principles of evolution, ecology and behavior, students will be equipped to evaluate scientific developments and arguments in these and other issues as informed citizens. Lecture three hours.

Note: Not open to Biological Sciences majors or students who have received credit for BIO 1 or BIO 2.

An intensive introductory course for non-majors who will take additional course work in biology or related disciplines, including the allied health sciences. Introduction to the biological sciences with strong emphasis on cellular structure and metabolism, molecular biology and genetics, as well as concepts and principles common to all living systems including ecology and evolution. Lecture three hours.

Note: Not open to Biological Sciences majors or students who have received credit for BIO 1 or BIO 2.

Introductory laboratory investigation of the major principles of biology, including properties of all living things, the unity and diversity of organisms, structure and function of cells, energy and metabolism, genetics, ecology, evolution, and the scientific methods of investigation employed by biologists. Laboratory three hours.

Note: Not open to Biological Sciences majors or students who have received credit for BIO 1 or BIO 2.

Prerequisite: BIO 9, BIO 10 or BIO 20.

Corequisite: BIO 9, BIO 10 or BIO 20.

Introduction to biological concepts with emphasis on their application to humans. Topics include: Evidenced-based decision making with respect to food, nutritional supplements, drugs, pathogens, and biotechnology. How heredity and evolution contribute to our understanding of personality, sex, behavior, addiction, disease, and aging is also discussed. Lecture three hours.

Note: Not open to majors in biological sciences and/or students who have received credit for BIO 10.

Introduction to the study of the gross and microscopic structure of the human body using a systemic approach. Lecture three hours; laboratory three hours. Fee course.

Prerequisite: BIO 1, BIO 2 or BIO 10

BIO 25/26 series provides an introduction to the structure and function of the major organ systems of the human body. BIO 25 offers basic terminology and concepts pertaining to the disciplines of anatomy and physiology, including structure/function relationships, homeostasis, and organizational levels; and provides an introduction to the structure and function of the muscular and nervous systems.

Note: Not open to students who have successfully completed BIO 22 and BIO 131, or an equivalent combination of separate anatomy and physiology courses. Lecture three hours; laboratory three hours. Fee course.

BIO 25/26 series provides an introduction to the structure and function of the major organ systems of the human body. BIO 26 provides an introduction to the structure and function of the cardiovascular, respiratory, renal and digestive systems, and emphasizes homeostatic control mechanisms.

Note: Not open to students who have successfully completed BIO 22 and BIO 131, or an equivalent combination of separate anatomy and physiology courses. Lecture three hours; laboratory three hours. Fee course.

Prerequisite: BIO 25 or instructor permission.

Introduction to micro-organisms, particularly bacteria and viruses, with emphasis on health care-related applications of microbiology using case studies. Laboratory work includes aseptic techniques, methods of cultivating and identifying bacteria, demonstration of microbial properties and will provide practice with basic microbiological skills. Lecture three hours; laboratory three hours. Fee Course.

Note: Does not satisfy microbiology requirement for Biological Sciences majors.

Prerequisite: BIO 10; CHEM 5 or CHEM 6A and CHEM 6B or equivalent.

The following concepts are addressed in this course: Anatomy of scientific literature, reading and writing scientific papers, proper citation formats, basic interpretation of tables and figures, graphical analysis, basic statistical analysis, experimental design to effectively test a hypothesis, effective presentation of an experiment. Lecture one hour. Activity two hours.

Prerequisite: BIO 1, BIO 2, and STAT 1.

Study of the significance of plants in the development of human civilization. Emphasis will be placed on the botanical, sociological and economic aspects of plants useful to humans. Lecture three hours.

Prerequisite: BIO 10 or equivalent.

Study of the physiology of human reproduction. Topics to be covered include: gametogenesis, the basis of fertility, conception, prenatal development, parturition, lactation and the physiology of contraception. Lecture three hours.

Prerequisite: BIO 1, BIO 2 or BIO 10.

Spring flora of central California is used as the focus of study in the classification and identification of native vascular plants. Lecture two hours; laboratory six hours. Field trips may be required. Fee course.

Prerequisite: BIO 1 and BIO 2.

Comparison of the cellular and molecular biology of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Emphasis will be placed on membrane structures, transport phenomena, cell to cell communication, cellular reproduction, genetic architecture, gene expression and metabolism, as well as the eukaryotic endomembrane, cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix systems. Lecture three hours.

Prerequisite: BIO 1 and BIO 2.

Gross structure of the human body using a regional approach. Lecture three hours; laboratory three hours. Fee course.

Prerequisite: BIO 22.

Basic principles and current clinical laboratory procedures used in the study of blood; emphasis on morphological and chemical changes in the disease processes. Lecture two hours; laboratory three hours. Fee course.

Prerequisite: CHEM 161 and BIO 184

Study of the anatomical systems of vertebrates in an evolutionary and functional context. Covers vertebrate form, function, development and phylogeny, overviews of organ systems, and how their modification founded the major events of vertebrate evolution including metamorphosis, water-to-land transition, tetrapodal locomotion, feeding and reproduction. Labs complement lectures with dissections of three representative species (shark, salamander, cat), and surveys of specializations in other forms. Lecture two hours; laboratory three hours. Fee course.

Prerequisite: BIO 1 and BIO 2.

An integrative examination of our current understanding of plant structure and function. Students will apply fundamental principles of cell and molecular biology, evolution, and ecology to understand the relationships between plant anatomy and plant physiology that have enabled plants to achieve such a high level of success as primary producers on our planet. Lecture three hours, laboratory three hours. Fee course.

Prerequisite: BIO 1 and BIO 2.

Study of the morphology and physiology of cells in primary normal human tissues and the arrangement and adaptations of tissues in organs and organ systems. The characteristics and properties of abnormalities in human tissues will be covered if time permits. Lecture two hours; laboratory three hours.

Prerequisite: BIO 22

Physiology of organ systems with emphasis on control and integration of system function. Experiments using humans and selected vertebrate animal models are performed in the laboratory to illustrate functional characteristics of organ systems discussed in lecture and to provide direct experience with techniques, recording systems, and methods of data analysis commonly used in physiology and related fields. Lecture three hours; laboratory three hours. Fee course.

Prerequisite: CHEM 1B or CHEM 6B and BIO 1 or BIO 2 or BIO 10 or BIO 22.

Advanced problem-solving in physiology designed for students concurrently enrolled in BIO 131. Students explore solutions to challenging problem sets under the direct supervision of an experienced section leader. Discussion: two hours.

Corequisite: BIO 131

Advanced consideration of the integrated physiology of the cardiovascular, respiratory, and renal systems, including acid-base physiology. Advanced problem-solving, analysis of case studies, and interpretation of experimental findings will be included. Lecture three hours.

Prerequisite: BIO 131.

Introduction to microorganisms, particularly bacteria and viruses, their physiology and metabolism. Laboratory work includes aseptic techniques, methods of cultivating and identifying bacteria, and demonstration of microbial properties. Lecture three hours; laboratory three hours. Fee course.

Prerequisite: BIO 10 or BIO 20 or both BIO 1 and BIO 2; CHEM 6B, CHEM 20 or CHEM 24.

Lectures, discussions, and readings regarding infectious viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites, with an emphasis on highly relevant pathogens including emerging infectious agents and microbes that are regionally endemic. The clinical syndrome, along with the molecular and cellular aspects of the course of infection of each pathogen will be discussed. Additionally, the history of microbiology and medicine as well as a brief overview of laboratory methods used for diagnosis will also be covered. Lecture three hours.

Note: BIO 140 cannot substitute for BIO 144 in the CLS concentration in Biological Sciences.

Prerequisite: BIO 39 or BIO 139.

Lectures and demonstrations on the fundamental characteristics and properties of plant, animal and bacterial viruses. Lecture three hours.

Prerequisite: BIO 139, CHEM 161.

Isolation, cultivation and characterization of a wide variety of soil and water microbes from natural habitats using the elective enrichment technique; natural habitats also will be examined directly for the numbers and varieties of microbes which are present. Lecture two hours; laboratory three hours. Fee course.

Prerequisite: BIO 139.

Laboratory exercises designed to provide familiarity with common clinical laboratory procedures in serology. Laboratory three hours. Fee course.

Prerequisite: BIO 139, BIO 149A.

Principles governing the application of biology and biological statistics to solve crimes. Topics include evidence examination and preservation, presumptive and confirmatory serological tests, hair comparison, generation and statistical analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA profiles, structure and administration of the modern crime laboratory, and the role of the criminalist in the U.S. court system. Lecture two hours; laboratory three hours.

Note: Not offered every semester

Prerequisite: BIO 1, BIO 2 and BIO 184.

Examines, in detail, the most important species of protozoans, flukes, tapeworms and roundworms that infect humans. Life cycles, pathology and prophylaxis constitute the principal topics in lectures. Morphology, physiology, taxonomy and diagnosis constitute the principal topics in the laboratory. Lecture two hours; laboratory three hours. Fee course.

Prerequisite: BIO 1 and BIO 2.

Examination of the interrelationships among organisms and their environments. Designed for the major in Biological Sciences or related fields. Topics include the structure and function of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, population and community dynamics and human effects on ecosystems. Projects and field trips required. Lecture two hours; laboratory three hours. Fee course.

Prerequisite: BIO 10 or both BIO 1 and BIO 2; STAT 1.

Biology of birds: structure, physiology, ecology, behavior, and classification. Methods of life history study, ecological studies, laboratory and field identification. Lecture two hours; laboratory three hours. Field trips required. Fee course.

Prerequisite: BIO 1 and BIO 2.

Focuses on statistical hypothesis testing and experimental design in the biological sciences. Topics include the development of a hypothesis, study design and implementation, management and presentation of data, identification of data types, and appropriate use of statistical procedures. General application to a wide range of biological disciplines and will emphasize the scientific process, critical thinking skills, and the interpretation of statistical results, which will include a project culminating a scientific paper and presentation. Lecture two hours; laboratory three hours.

Prerequisite: STAT 1 and BIO 100 or graduate status

Study of the physiologic function of carbohydrates, lipids, protein and micronutrients including integrated metabolism, transport, regulation and relation to inborn errors/chronic disease. Introduction to gene-nutrient interaction.

Prerequisite: CHEM 161, FACS 113; or instructor permission.

Cross Listed: FACS 170; only one may be counted for credit.

Principles for analyzing, controlling and manipulating wildlife populations and/or the ecological factors of their habitat. Lecture two hours; laboratory and fieldwork three hours. Fee course.

Prerequisite: BIO 160, BIO 166, BIO 168, or instructor permission.

Study of cancer from the molecular level to the effect on whole tissues and organs. Topics to be covered include the classification and nomenclature of cancers, the process leading up to the formation of a cancer, the possible causes of cancer, and possible treatment. Lecture two hours.

Prerequisite: BIO 121 and BIO 184.

Principles of inheritance as they relate to microorganisms, plants, animals and humans. Genetic mechanisms are analyzed according to evidence derived from both classical and current research. The nature, structure, and function of the genome are considered at the molecular level. Lecture three hours; laboratory three hours. Fee course.

Prerequisite: BIO 1 and BIO 2.

Series of at least 10 seminars in cell and molecular biology. Topics within each seminar will vary each semester.

Note: May be repeated for credit. No more than one unit of BIO 186 may be counted toward the upper division major requirement.

Prerequisite: BIO 10 or both BIO 1 and BIO 2.

Advanced cellular and molecular biology of eukaryotic cells. Comparison to prokaryotic organism will be made as needed to illustrate key concepts. Emphasis will be placed on cellular functions and utilize two or more cellular systems; including cell to cell communication, regulation of gene expression, uptake and secretion, regulation of cytoskeletal configuration, cell migration and cellular reproduction. Lecture two hours, laboratory six hours.

Prerequisite: BIO 121 and BIO 184.

General survey of evolutionary processes: mechanisms of evolutionary change, adaptation and history of life. Designed for biological sciences majors. Lecture three hours.

Prerequisite: BIO 184 or instructor permission.

Supervised work-learn experience in biology with a public or private organization. Up to 4 units may be taken. No more than 2 units from BIO 195, BIO 197 and BIO 199 combined can be applied to the biological sciences upper division major requirement.

Prerequisite: Department chair and instructor (representing the appropriate biological discipline) permission.

Supervised non-paid internship experience in the medical-related and business-related aspects of dentistry. Includes a volunteer experience in the community. No more than 2 units from BIO 195, BIO 197 and BIO 199 combined can be applied to the biological sciences upper division major requirement.

Note: 1 unit = 40 hours of participation/semester and 2 units = 80 hours of participation/semester; May be repeated for up to 4 units of credit .

Prerequisite: Department chair and instructor (representing the appropriate preprofessional discipline) permission.

Supervised non-paid internship experience in K-12 teaching. Includes regular meetings with supervising teacher and submission of a field experience journal. May be repeated for credit.

Note: No more than 2 units from BIO 195, 197 and 199 combined can be applied to the biological sciences upper division major requirement.

Prerequisite: Department chair and instructor permission.

Supervised experiences will include aspects of laboratory preparation and aspects of teaching biology laboratory courses. Conferences and laboratory experiences four to eight hours weekly. Admission requires approval of professor and Department Chair.

Note: May be taken more than once, but no more than 2 units from BIO 195, BIO 197 and BIO 199 combined can be applied to the Biological Sciences upper division major requirement.

Prerequisite: Department Chair and instructor permission.

Supervised laboratory experiences for advanced students in the organization and techniques for operation of a basic sciences laboratory. Conferences and laboratory experiences four to eight hours weekly. Admission requires approval of professor and Department Chair.

Note: May be taken more than once, but no more than 2 units from BIO 195, BIO 197 and BIO 199 combined can be applied to the Biological Sciences upper division major requirement.

Prerequisite: Department Chair and instructor permission.

Students may earn BIO 197C credit by participating as tutors and/or section or discussion leaders for biological sciences classes or teaching as voluntary instructors or tutors in K-12 courses or programs offered by other community organizations. Participation requires four to eight hours weekly. Admission requires approval of professor and Department Chair.

Note: May be taken more than once, but no more than 2 units from BIO 195, BIO 197 and BIO 199 combined can be applied to the Biological Sciences upper division major requirement.

Student will conduct independent laboratory or field research on an original research question in biology. The research must culminate in a formal report. Weekly meetings may be required. Admission requires submission of a prospectus approved by the faculty member under whom the work is to be conducted and the Department Chair.

Note: May be taken more than once, but no more than 2 units from BIO 195, BIO 197 and BIO 199 combined can be applied to the Biological Sciences upper division major requirement.

Prerequisite: Department Chair and instructor permission.

Directed Readings on a topic in Biology culminating in a research paper. Admission requires submission of a prospectus approved by the faculty member under whom the work is to be conducted and the Department Chair.

Note: May be taken more than once, but no more than 2 units from BIO 195, BIO 197 and BIO 199 combined can be applied to the Biological Sciences upper division major requirement.

Prerequisite: Department Chair and instructor permission.

Introduction to research methods in molecular and cellular biology. Students learn both cell and molecular techniques in the context of hypothesis-driven research to answer questions relating to a specific gene and cellular system. Experimental design and commonly used laboratory techniques will be explored. Two three hour laboratory periods. Fee course.

Prerequisite: BIO 220 (may be taken concurrently).

Introduction to research methods in ecology, evolution and conservation biology. Students learn field and laboratory techniques with a variety to taxa in a range of local ecosystems. Students will work with several faculty conducting research projects. Topics will include developing hypotheses, experimental design, study implementation, and statistical analyses. Students will be expected to present findings in oral and written form. Two three hour laboratory periods. Fee course.

Prerequisite: BIO 167, BIO 220 (may be taken concurrently).

In-depth study of the molecular basis of human disease, emphasizing current experimental approaches and technologies. Topics include the isolation and analysis of disease genes, the influence of teratogans and random environmental events on human embryonic development, the molecular and biochemical consequences of mutagenesis, and ethical issues that currently surround the field. Lecture 3 hours.

Prerequisite: BIO 139, BIO 184, CHEM 161.

Critical reading and discussion of current literature on host/pathogen interactions. Topics to be covered include: alteration of host intracellular trafficking, subversion of cell cytoskeleton for invasion, intracellular survival mechanisms, pathogen-induced cell killing, and evasion and subversion of the host immune system.

Prerequisite: BIO 121, BIO 139, BIO 184. Courses recommended but not required: BIO 144, BIO 149, BIO 180.

Study of the past and present plant and animal distributions, and the geologic, climatic and ecologic factors involved in their migration, establishment and extinction. Lecture/discussions three hours.

Presentation and discussion of graduate student and faculty research and current literature with emphasis on critical evaluation of research design, data analysis and presentation techniques.

Note: Discussion two hours. May be taken twice for credit. Only two units may be applied to the University's requirement for 200-level courses; May be repeated for up to 4 units of credit.

Prerequisite: Department Chair and instructor permission.

Review and discussion of scientific literature in cell and molecular biology. Seminar topics will vary by semester.

Note: May be repeated for up to 4 units of credit.

Prerequisite: Student must be a Biology major at the master's level to enroll in this class and/or have instructor permission.

Library research, short-term original research, technique development, or thesis research site selection and preliminary field observations. Culminating experience will be in the format of a scientific paper, annotated bibliography, demonstration of technique mastery, or oral presentation. Enrollment requires classified graduate status and approval of the project by a faculty supervisor and the Department Chair.

Completion of a thesis approved for the Master's degree. Should be taken in final semester prior to the completion of all requirements for the degree.

Prerequisite: Advanced to candidacy and chair permission of his/her thesis committee.

Completion of a written project based on a research problem in biology approved for the Master of Arts Degree. Should be taken in final semester prior to the completion of all requirements for the degree.

Prerequisite: Advanced to candidacy and chair permission of his/her committee.